Microphone Glossary
Plain-language definitions for common microphone terms including XLR, USB, polar pattern, phantom power, gain, and SPL.
Updated May 16, 2026
By Microphones.co Editorial TeamMicrophones.co Editorial Team
Editorial recommendations based on public specifications, product positioning, setup requirements, and practical buyer-fit analysis.
XLR
XLR is a professional microphone connector used with interfaces, mixers, and recorders.
USB
USB microphones connect directly to a computer and include conversion hardware inside the microphone.
Gain
Gain controls input level. Too much gain can bring up room noise and clipping.
Phantom power
Phantom power is electrical power sent through XLR to microphones that need it, especially many condensers.
Relevant microphones
Shure
Shure MV7A flexible USB/XLR dynamic mic for creators who want a simple setup now and an upgrade path later.
Blue
Blue YetiA familiar plug-and-play USB condenser with flexible patterns but noticeable room sensitivity.
Rode
Rode NT1 Signature SeriesA clean studio condenser for vocals and instruments when the room is reasonably controlled.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is gain?
Gain controls how much the microphone signal is amplified before recording or streaming.
What is a polar pattern?
A polar pattern describes the directions where a microphone is most sensitive.
Related reading
USB vs XLR Microphones: Which Should You Choose?
Understand the difference between USB and XLR microphones, who each is best for, and what beginners should buy first.
What Is a Microphone Polar Pattern?
A plain-language guide to cardioid, omnidirectional, bidirectional, and shotgun microphone pickup patterns.
What Is Phantom Power?
A beginner-friendly explanation of phantom power, condenser microphones, and when 48V power is required.
Shure MV7
A flexible USB/XLR dynamic mic for creators who want a simple setup now and an upgrade path later.
Blue Yeti
A familiar plug-and-play USB condenser with flexible patterns but noticeable room sensitivity.
Rode NT1 Signature Series
A clean studio condenser for vocals and instruments when the room is reasonably controlled.
Blue Yeti vs Audio-Technica AT2020USB-X
Compare two popular USB condenser microphones for desk recording and quiet rooms.